Saturday, December 31, 2011

Muslims skip NYC mayor's event to protest spying

NEW YORK (AP) - More than a dozen Muslim clerics and civic leaders skipped Mayor Michael Bloomberg's annual interfaith breakfast Friday, saying they were upset that he supported police department surveillance efforts in their neighborhoods.

The 15 leaders wrote a letter to the mayor, saying they were protesting the spying program first revealed in a series of Associated Press articles. The letter made a controversy out of a normally sedate end-of-the-year meeting.

Bloomberg didn't directly address the boycott during the event, though he did quote his father as telling him that "discrimination against anyone is discrimination against everyone."

He also said: "We have to keep our guard up, but if we don't work together we won't have our own freedoms."

The breakfast is traditionally held at the historic New York Public Library building on 42nd Street and has long served to showcase the city's diversity during overlapping winter holidays.

Hesham El-Meligy, a founder of the Building Bridges Coalition of Staten Island, said he boycotted the breakfast in hopes of persuading the mayor to abandon his support for the surveillance program.

"I don't care about having breakfast, I care about the liberties that I came to this country for," said El-Meligy, who is from Egypt.

Rabbi Michael Weisser signed the letter as a supporter but said he did not participate in the boycott because he hoped to engage the mayor in conversation about the dispute.

"From a Jewish perspective, it reminded me of things that were going on in the 1930s in Germany. We don't need that in America," he said. "The Muslim community is targeted. It's stereotyped. When people think of terrorism, they immediately think Muslim."

He said he had no problem with the police department following leads, but objected to the sense that the department is targeting Muslim organizations because they are Muslim.

"We can't be painting a whole group of people with the same broad brush," he said.

More than 350 people attended Friday's breakfast, more than last year.

On his weekly Friday morning appearance on WOR-AM, Bloomberg defended police, saying they don't target any ethnic group.

"It's like saying you are going after people that are my height with brown hair. If a perp is described that way in the neighborhood, you look at everybody in the neighborhood that's got brown hair, my height, you stop them," he said.

"But we have great race relations here. The communities whether they're Muslim or Jewish or Christian or Hindu or Buddhist or whatever, all contribute to this city. We don't target any one of them. We don't target any neighborhood."

Records examined by the AP show the police department collected information on people who were neither accused nor suspected of wrongdoing.

The AP series detailed police department efforts to infiltrate Muslim neighborhoods and mosques with aggressive programs designed by a CIA officer. Documents reviewed by the AP revealed that undercover police officers known as "rakers" visited businesses such as Islamic bookstores and cafes, chatting up store owners to determine their ethnicities and gauge their views. They also played cricket and eavesdropped in ethnic clubs.

The surveillance efforts have been credited with enabling police to thwart a 2004 plot to bomb the Herald Square subway station.

Critics said the efforts amount to ethnic profiling and violate court guidelines that limit how and why police can collect intelligence before there is evidence of a crime. They have asked a judge to issue a restraining order against the police.

Speaking to the media after the breakfast, Police Commissioner Ray Kelly said the AP articles contained "half-truths and some just things that are not true" but refused to identify them.

"I'm not going to get into it. I don't have time to do that," Kelly said.

Kelly said that none of the attendees at the breakfast had raised the matter with him.

"We believe we're doing what we have to do, pursuant to the law, to protect this city," he said.

Hussein Rashid, an Islamic studies professor at Hofstra University, wore a blazer over a T-shirt that said "I am not a terrorist." He said he was disappointed the mayor did not address the surveillance program during his remarks.

"The idea of the NYPD spying on New Yorkers is utterly deplorable," he said.

But another attendee, Uma Mysorekar, president of the Hindu Temple Society of North America, said she didn't think the breakfast was "an occasion to express our differences."

Imam Mohammad Sherzad of the Hasrat Abubakr Mosque in Queens said he worried the boycott would hurt communication between religious groups and city officials.

"We have to meet each other, we have to explain our problems. If we do a boycott, that's not a good way," Sherzad said.

Police officials have insisted their counterterrorism programs are legal.

"Contrary to assertions, the NYPD lawfully follows leads in terrorist-related investigations and does not engage in the kind of wholesale spying on communities that was falsely alleged," police spokesman Paul Browne said in an email Thursday.

___

Online:

Read AP's previous stories and documents about the NYPD at: http://www.ap.org/nypd

Letter to Bloomberg: http://interfaithletter.wordpress.com/2011/12/26/hello-world/

___

Samantha Gross can be reached at http://www.twitter.com/samanthagross

___

Associated Press reporters Julie Walker and Chris Hawley in New York and Adam Goldman in Washington contributed to this story.

Source: http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D9RUUU100&show_article=1

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Friday, December 30, 2011

Watch New York Knicks vs Golden State Warriors Live NBA Basketball Online Free Stream

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Source: androidcommunity.com --- Wednesday, December 28, 2011
Watch New York Knicks vs Golden State Warriors Live NBA Game via Free Online Streaming without paying a single dime. Thanks to the latest internet web browser free HD streaming technology you will never miss your favorite NBA game ever again! To watch New York Knicks vs Golden State Warriors Live stream match you do don't need any additional hardware and/or equipment. All you need is a PC or Laptop and an internet connection and you can enjoy today's NBA match ( Atlanta Hawks vs New Jersey Nets Live ) from the comfort of your own home. http://tinyurl.com/NewYorkKnicks-GoldenState http://tinyurl.com/NewYorkKnicks-GoldenState Basketball fans from all over the world can finally watch their favorite teams online, via free streaming technology. To watch Atlanta Hawks vs New Jersey Nets live streaming online and the other 4 Live NBA game taking place today, click on the link below to start free online streaming. Enjoy Atlanta Hawks vs New Jersey Nets live stream and good luck to your favorite NBA team! When the links to the stream for the New York Knicks vs Golden State Warriors live broadcast event are shown, the general rule that will let you know if you need extra software installed is to look at the first column on our schedule - the one that says P2P. http://tinyurl.com/NewYorkKnicks-GoldenState http://tinyurl.com/NewYorkKnicks-GoldenState How Can watch New York Knicks vs Golden State Warriors Live Stream NBA Basketball Online fre ...

Source: http://androidcommunity.com/forums/f9/watch-new-york-knicks-vs-golden-state-warriors-live-nba-basketball-online-free-stream-84495-new/

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Body of Aliahna Lemmon Found; Mike Plumadore Charged With Murder


Missing Fort Wayne, Ind., girl Aliahna Lemmon has been found, but tragically, not alive. Babysitter Mike Plumadore has been charged with her murder.

The 39-year-old who was babysitting her when she went missing appeared in an Indiana courtroom Tuesday, charged with murdering the 9-year-old.

“It was a horrific crime," Allen County, Ind., Sheriff Ken Fries told reporters after the body's discovery. "Probably worse than you can imagine."

Aliahna Lemmon

Mike Plumadore, a family friend, was "interviewed by police and taken into custody at 9 p.m. Monday and charged with murder" in Lemmon's death.

About 15 registered sex offenders reside at the 24-unit mobile home park the girl lived at, which the FBI searched Monday following the girl's vanishing.

Plumadore is not listed on Indiana's registered sex offenders list, though he has past convictions in Florida and North Carolina for trespassing and assault.

Plumadore told The Journal Gazette newspaper that he last saw Aliahna at about 6 a.m. Friday, took a nap, and woke up at about 10 a.m. to find her gone.

Plumadore said that the other two girls, both 6, said Aliahna had left with her mother, Tarah Souder; he said he and Souder didn't speak until about 8:30 p.m.

Souder said she left Aliahna and her two other daughters with Plumadore because she was suffering from the flu. What a tragic, sickening story. R.I.P.

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2011/12/aliahna-lemmon-found-mike-plumadore-charged-with-murder/

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Thursday, December 29, 2011

Video immaturity: Nate Diaz not a fan of cowboy hats or Donald Cerrone

Aside from watching 500-plus pounds of muscle hit the stage at the UFC 141 weigh-in today, the staredown between Nate Diaz and Donald Cerrone should be epic, if not a bit violent.

Yesterday's staredown at the final press conference resulted in Donald Cerrone's cowboy hat flying 10 feet in the air. Check out the video (NSFW) to see the aftermath with 20-somethings, Nate and his brother Nick, talk about who's really the puss in this case.

For Cerrone, he loves being the bully and thinks he's in Diaz's head.

"He is the guy that punks everybody else and gets in everyone else's head, so now what happened? The tables turned, and now I'm in your head, you little (expletive)," Cerrone told Adam Hill of the Las Vegas Review-Journal. "It feels good to turn the tables, to think that he came out hard and wanted to be a bully and now I'm bullying him."

Cerrone wasn't totally calm about Thursday's minor fracas. That was $1,000 cowboy hat that Diaz was messing with.

This is shaping up as a very solid card with the Cerrone-Diaz beef leading into a good main event between behemoths Brock Lesnar and Alistair Overeem.

Watch UFC 141 right here on Yahoo! Sports

Source: http://sports.yahoo.com/mma/blog/cagewriter/post/Video-immaturity-Nate-Diaz-not-a-fan-of-cowboy-?urn=mma-wp11229

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Debt Fears Weaken Pound and Euro

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Source: webdev.credittrends.moodys.com --- Wednesday, December 28, 2011
The euro is at its lowest level in almost a year against the U.S. dollar. ...

Source: http://credittrends.moodys.com/pro/article.asp?cid=227300

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Wednesday, December 28, 2011

Vote Obama ? if you want a centrist Republican for US president | Glenn Greenwald

Illustration by Belle Mellor

Illustration by Belle Mellor

American presidential elections are increasingly indistinguishable from the reality TV competitions drowning the nation's airwaves. Both are vapid, personality-driven and painfully protracted affairs, with the winners crowned by virtue of their ability to appear slightly more tolerable than the cast of annoying rejects whom the public eliminates one by one. When, earlier this year, America's tawdriest (and one of its most-watched) reality TV show hosts, Donald Trump, inserted himself into the campaign circus as a threatened contestant, he fitted right in, immediately catapulting to the top of audience polls before announcing he would not join the show.

The Republican presidential primaries ? shortly to determine who will be the finalist to face off, and likely lose, against Barack Obama next November ? has been a particularly base spectacle. That the contest has devolved into an embarrassing clown show has many causes, beginning with the fact that GOP voters loathe Mitt Romney, their belief-free, anointed-by-Wall-Street frontrunner who clearly has the best chance of defeating the president.

In a desperate attempt to find someone less slithery and soulless (not to mention less Mormon), party members have lurched manically from one ludicrous candidate to the next, only to watch in horror as each wilted the moment they were subjected to scrutiny. Incessant pleas to the party's ostensibly more respectable conservatives to enter the race have been repeatedly rebuffed. Now, only Romney remains viable. Republican voters are thus slowly resigning themselves to marching behind a vacant, supremely malleable technocrat whom they plainly detest.

In fairness to the much-maligned GOP field, they face a formidable hurdle: how to credibly attack Obama when he has adopted so many of their party's defining beliefs. Depicting the other party's president as a radical menace is one of the chief requirements for a candidate seeking to convince his party to crown him as the chosen challenger. Because Obama has governed as a centrist Republican, these GOP candidates are able to attack him as a leftist radical only by moving so far to the right in their rhetoric and policy prescriptions that they fall over the cliff of mainstream acceptability, or even basic sanity.

In July, the nation's most influential progressive domestic policy pundit, New York Times columnist Paul Krugman, declared that Obama is a "moderate conservative in practical terms". Last October, he wrote that "progressives who had their hearts set on Obama were engaged in a huge act of self-delusion", because the president ? "once you get past the soaring rhetoric" ? has "largely accepted the conservative storyline".

Krugman also pointed out that even the policy Democratic loyalists point to as proof of the president's progressive bona fides ? his healthcare plan, which mandates the purchase of policies from the private health insurance industry ? was designed by the Heritage Foundation, one of the nation's most rightwing thinktanks, and was advocated by conservative ideologues for many years (it also happens to be the same plan Romney implemented when he was governor of Massachusetts and which Newt Gingrich once promoted, underscoring the difficulty for the GOP in drawing real contrasts with Obama).

How do you scorn a president as a far-left socialist when he has stuffed his administration with Wall Street executives, had his last campaign funded by them, governed as a "centrist Republican", and presided over booming corporate profits even while the rest of the nation suffered economically?

But as slim as the pickings are for GOP candidates on the domestic policy front, at least there are some actual differences in that realm. The president's 2009 stimulus spending and Wall Street "reform" package ? tepid and inadequate though they were ? are genuinely at odds with rightwing dogma, as are Obama's progressive (albeit inconsistent) positions on social issues, such as equality for gay people and protecting a woman's right to choose. And the supreme court, perpetually plagued by a 5-4 partisan split, would be significantly affected by the outcome of the 2012 election.

It is in the realm of foreign policy, terrorism and civil liberties where Republicans encounter an insurmountable roadblock. A staple of GOP politics has long been to accuse Democratic presidents of coddling America's enemies (both real and imagined), being afraid to use violence, and subordinating US security to international bodies and leftwing conceptions of civil liberties.

But how can a GOP candidate invoke this time-tested caricature when Obama has embraced the vast bulk of George Bush's terrorism policies; waged a war against government whistleblowers as part of a campaign of obsessive secrecy; led efforts to overturn a global ban on cluster bombs; extinguished the lives not only of accused terrorists but of huge numbers of innocent civilians with cluster bombs and drones in Muslim countries; engineered a covert war against Iran; tried to extend the Iraq war; ignored Congress and the constitution to prosecute an unauthorised war in Libya; adopted the defining Bush/Cheney policy of indefinite detention without trial for accused terrorists; and even claimed and exercised the power to assassinate US citizens far from any battlefield and without due process?

Reflecting this difficulty for the GOP field is the fact that former Bush officials, including Dick Cheney, have taken to lavishing Obama with public praise for continuing his predecessor's once-controversial terrorism polices. In the last GOP foreign policy debate, the leading candidates found themselves issuing recommendations on the most contentious foreign policy question (Iran) that perfectly tracked what Obama is already doing, while issuing ringing endorsements of the president when asked about one of his most controversial civil liberties assaults (the due-process-free assassination of the American-Yemeni cleric Anwar Awlaki). Indeed, when it comes to the foreign policy and civil liberties values Democrats spent the Bush years claiming to defend, the only candidate in either party now touting them is the libertarian Ron Paul, who vehemently condemns Obama's policies of drone killings without oversight, covert wars, whistleblower persecutions, and civil liberties assaults in the name of terrorism.

In sum, how do you demonise Obama as a terrorist-loving secret Muslim intent on empowering US enemies when he has adopted, and in some cases extended, what was rightwing orthodoxy for the last decade? The core problem for GOP challengers is that they cannot be respectable Republicans because, as Krugman pointed out, Obama has that position occupied. They are forced to move so far to the right that they render themselves inherently absurd.

Source: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/dec/27/vote-obama-centrist-republican

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Police seek motive in Texas family deaths

By the CNN Wire Staff

updated 1:23 PM EST, Mon December 26, 2011

Seven found dead in Texas apartment

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

  • Police say the 7 people were opening Christmas gifts when the shootings occurred
  • The shooter is believed to be related to the family by marriage, authorities say
  • Autopsies will be conducted Monday, according to police

Dallas (CNN) -- Autopsies will be conducted Monday on seven family members who were shot -- apparently by one of their own -- at a Christmas gathering, police said.

"The information we have is that this is a family, some of them related by marriage but mostly by blood," Grapevine, Texas, police Sgt. Robert Eberling said Monday. "They have lived in other areas in the (Dallas) metroplex and they came yesterday for a Christmas gathering."

Authorities believe the shooter "was one of the individuals inside the apartment that was also deceased," Eberling said. "We know he is a family member ... we are working to find out why exactly this took place. We contacted other family members to piece this together."

The shooter is believed to have been related to the family by marriage, he said.

Police said Sunday the group was either in the process of opening Christmas gifts or had just finished doing so when the shootings occurred in the living room of the apartment in Grapevine, about 25 miles northwest of Dallas.

Authorities responded to the address Sunday after receiving a 911 call from the apartment, but hearing only an open line, police said in a statement.

The seven bodies -- four female adults and three adult males -- were found when officers entered the apartment. "All victims appear to have gunshot wounds," said the statement.

The victims range in age from 15 to 58 or 59 years old, Eberling said Monday. Autopsy results will be available Tuesday, he said.

CNN's Carma Hassan and Chuck Johnston contributed to this report.

Source: http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/26/justice/texas-deaths/index.html?eref=rss_mostpopular

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Tuesday, December 27, 2011

Mexican army: 'El Chapo' security head arrested

The Mexican army announced Sunday that it had captured the head of security for Sinaloa drug cartel head Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman, one of the world's most wanted men.

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The suspect, who was not identified by name, was captured in the Sinaloa state capital of Culiacan and will be presented to the media Monday morning, the army said.

Guzman, Mexico's top drug lord, is one of the world's richest men, and has eluded authorities by moving around and hiding since his 2001 escape from prison in a laundry truck.

The army said the man they had arrested also ran cartel activities in Durango and southern Chihuahua state, and was responsible for carrying out secret burials of cartel victims, kidnapping, extortion and arson. They did not say if the arrest moved the military closer to capturing Guzman, an arrest that would be seen as a major victory for the government of President Felipe Calderon.

Guzman is worth more than $1 billion, according to Forbes magazine, which has listed him among the "World's Most Powerful People." He has a $7 million bounty on his head, and thousands of law enforcement agents from the U.S. and other countries working on capturing him.

His cartel controls cocaine trafficking on the Mexican border with California and has moved eastward to the corridor between the Mexican state of Sonora, which borders Arizona.

Separately, Mexican soldiers discovered 13 bodies in an abandoned truck Sunday along with a message that they were killed in a war between rival drug cartels in the eastern state of Veracruz, officials said.

The bodies were found in Tamaulipas state, a few hundred yards (meters) from its border with Veracruz, according to the Tamaulipas attorney general's office. The office said that 10 of the bodies had been decapitated.

The area has been the scene of bloody battles between the Gulf and Zetas cartels, and a pair of banners alluding to a rivalry were found in the truck, the statement from the attorney-general's office said.

On Friday, the attorney general's office in Veracruz said it had found 10 bodies in a different area along the border with Tamaulipas after receiving a tip.

On Thursday, three U.S. citizens traveling to spend the holidays with their relatives in Mexico were among those killed in a spree of shooting attacks on buses. In the spree, a group of gunmen attacked three buses in Veracruz, killing a total of seven passengers.

The Americans killed were a mother and her two daughters who were returning to visit relatives in the region.

The five gunmen who allegedly carried out the attacks were later shot to death by soldiers.

Earlier, the gunmen also killed four people in the nearby town of El Higo, Veracruz.

Local police in Veracruz have become so corrupt that on Wednesday the government decided to dissolve the entire force in the state's largest city, also known as Veracruz, and sent the Navy in to patrol. Some 800 police officers and 300 administrative employees were laid off.

Copyright 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45788330/

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Jeffrey Sachs: Gorbachev and the Struggle for Democracy

Last week the world mourned and celebrated the life of Vaclav Havel, whose philosophy of living in truth brought freedom to his people and brought hope everywhere. This week we should celebrate another great revolutionary and Democrat, perhaps the world's greatest but least celebrated statesman. In recent days, former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, now 80 years old, has bravely called upon the Russian Government to step down in the wake of rigged Parliamentary elections. In doing so, Gorbachev continues his remarkable and history-shaping campaign for democracy in Russia and around the world.

While democracy has taken firm hold in the former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe following the collapse of communism in 1989, the same has not occurred in Russia and many of the other successor states of the former Soviet Union. Gorbachev has consistently denounced Russia's slide back to one-party, even one-man rule, as Russian strong man Vladimir Putin has increasingly clamped down on Russia's nascent democratic institutions in politics, the media, academia, and the regions.

Gorbachev is Russia's leading Democrat, yet he is widely reviled inside Russia, neglected in the United States, and unknown to youth around the world. The unheralded fact is that Gorbachev's commitment to democracy can be felt in all parts of today's world. He was vital not only to the peaceful re-democratization of Havel's Central Europe after 1989, but also to the spread of democracy within Africa and Asia during the past two decades. This month Gorbachev joins his countrymen in fighting for Russian democracy.

Gorbachev's personal fate was to become democratic leader of the world's least democratic institution, the Soviet Communist Party. He was elevated to power by the Party leadership in 1985 to breath new dynamism into the rapidly collapsing Soviet economy. Yet the rigidities and lies of the Soviet economic and political system proved to be largely impervious to change, culminating in the complete collapse of the Soviet state and economy in 1991.

During his six years of rule, Gorbachev was intent on renovating Soviet socialism through peaceful and democratic means. The problem, of course, was that the Soviet economy was a deranged system that directed people and resources through state commands, threats, and the force of the Gulag. Yet Gorbachev relentlessly tried to reform the system not through commands but through persuasion and appeals to truth and cooperation.

Without the terror and threats, Soviet central planning collapsed and the economy descended into massive shortages, collapsed production, and by 1991 an extreme financial crisis. The dire outcomes proved De Tocqueville's famous maxim that "the most dangerous moment for a bad government is when it begins to reform itself." Gorbachev was increasingly despised inside Russia because of the deteriorating economic conditions even as he was lifting the long-standing yoke of political oppression from his countrymen. Eventually he stepped down from power in December 1991 as the Soviet Union itself was dissolved, giving way to 15 successor countries.

I watched Gorbachev's actions up close during this historic period. During 1989-91, I was a senior economic advisor to several post-communist governments in Central and Eastern Europe. In country after country, it was Gorbachev himself who told his communist counterparts that their era of political monopoly was over, and that it was time for them to make room for the democratic forces of Europe. In Poland, for example, Gorbachev directly intervened in the summer of 1989 on behalf of the Solidarity opposition movement, telling Poland's communist leader Wojciech Jaruzelski that it was time to for the communist regime to share power with the Solidarity opposition. One month later, Poland's first post-communist Premier since World War II came to power.

Similar events transpired throughout the Soviet empire and beyond. Gorbachev repeatedly coaxed democratic change throughout Soviet-dominated Central and Eastern Europe and throughout the Soviet spheres of influence in Africa and Asia. Gorbachev's openness and reforms also had a ricochet effect of undermining extreme right-wing regimes around the world, whose raison d'etre had been their opposition to Soviet communism. In this way, Gorbachev's democratic reforms weakened the anti-communist racist regime in South Africa, and bolstered Nelson Mandela's democratic revolution in South Africa.

In the U.S., Ronald Reagan is generally given credit for victory in the Cold War. Gorbachev is mentioned, if at all, for succumbing to the arms-race pressures created by Reagan. Yet the key to the peaceful end of the Cold War was not the 1980s arms race or even America's widening technological superiority. In "normal" circumstances, the Soviet decline might have given rise to violence and the adventurism of war. The Soviet Union disbanded voluntarily despite tens of thousands of nuclear warheads. While countless heroic individuals in the Soviet Union valiantly gave their lives for this outcome, Gorbachev's personal commitment to peace and democracy was decisive. Moral leadership caused the peaceful end of an immoral system.

The West could have done much more to help Gorbachev's democratic reforms. In 1990-91, Gorbachev closely watched Poland's successful economic reforms and urged the West to support similar measures in the Soviet Union. Yet when Gorbachev appealed for Western assistance of the kind being offered to Poland, President Bush Sr. and his disastrous Secretary of Defense Richard Cheney completely rebuffed Gorbachev. A year later, Bill Clinton similarly turned his back on Boris Yeltsin, by then President of an independent Russia. Without Western financial assistance, and with Russia's own deeply divided politics and disastrous economic conditions, Russia's nascent democratic reforms were set back by chaos and corruption.

Russia has suffered from authoritarian rule for centuries, so Russia's transition to democracy was bound to be an epic challenge, and so it has proved to be. Today's brave young people protesting on the streets of Moscow and other Russian cities are making the strongest claim in Russia's modern history for true democratic rule. Russia's current regime is dug in, but the power of youth, massed in protest, will eventually prevail. Whether the protesters recognize it or not, their coming achievements will build on the decisive contributions of Russia's greatest living statesmen, Mikhail Gorbachev.

?

Follow Jeffrey Sachs on Twitter: www.twitter.com/JeffDSachs

Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeffrey-sachs/gorbachev-and-the-struggl_b_1170233.html

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Monday, December 26, 2011

lidar_geek: Developer Tips Getting Started #ArcGIS Runtime SDK #Android http://t.co/mXhEKzEy #Development bringing #GIS 2 #Google #LBS

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Pew study: female vets more critical than men of Iraq, Afghanistan wars (The Christian Science Monitor)

Washington ? One of the most comprehensive studies of women?s changing role in the US military has found that they are a more racially diverse group than American men in uniform.

They are also less likely to be married and more critical of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

The study was released this week by the nonpartisan Pew Research Center.

IN PICTURES: Military women of the world

Though officially banned from jobs that would put them directly in combat, female troops have seen their fair share of fighting. And they return back from war as deeply affected by it as their male comrades in arms.

The ranks of women overall in the military have increased dramatically since 1973, when the United States first established an all-volunteer force. During that time, the number of enlisted women has quadrupled from some 42,000 to 167,000.

What???s more, as the size of the US military began to shrink post-Vietnam, the share of women in the force increased from 2 percent to 14 percent.

Nearly one-third of active-duty women are black. That proportion is far higher than among males, where 16 percent of the troops are black, according to the Pew study. Moreover, only about half of active-duty women are white, compared with 71 percent of active-duty men.

Troops, whether male or female, seem to join the armed forces largely for the same reasons. More than 80 percent of both groups said they signed up to serve their country or to receive education benefits. Some 70 percent said they simply wanted to see the world.

However, the Pew study found one key difference among the groups, which points to the more precarious economic situation of women in America. Roughly 40 percent of female veterans say they joined the military ?because jobs were hard to find,? compared with only one-quarter of men. While 12 percent of military women are single mothers, just 4 percent of men are single fathers.

When it comes to marriage, active-duty women tend to be less likely to have spouses than their male counterparts (46 percent of women are married, versus 58 percent of men).

The choice of spouses differs between men and women. While almost half of those women who are married selected spouses who are also in the armed forces, only 7 percent of married men are paired with military women.

Once they leave the service, women veterans tend to be considerably more critical of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan than their male counterparts. When asked whether they thought the wars were ?worth fighting,? 63 percent of female veterans say Iraq was not, versus 47 percent of male veterans. Ditto the war in Afghanistan, at 54 percent versus 39 percent.

This is a gender gap, the Pew study notes, that is not particularly apparent among the general public.

Though they see less combat, women suffer from post-traumatic stress in numbers similar to their male colleagues, according to the Pew researchers. Some 45 percent of female veterans say they frequently feel irritable or angry, and 50 percent say they have experienced strains in their family relationships (versus 47 percent and 48 percent of men, respectively).

Yet when it comes to views of their own service, male and female troops tend to agree: They value the experience that accompanied their service. More than 90 percent of women say their military service was useful in helping them ?grow and mature as a person.? Three-quarters of both groups say they would advise a young person close to them to join the military.

IN PICTURES: Military women of the world

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Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/iraq/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/csm/20111223/ts_csm/441710

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Sunday, December 25, 2011

Turkey slams France over genocide debate (AP)

ISTANBUL ? Turkey responded to French genocide allegations with a charge of its own Friday, accusing France of committing genocide during its colonial occupation of Algeria.

French lawmakers passed a bill Thursday making it a crime to deny that the mass killings of Armenians by Ottoman Turks constitute genocide.

The deepening acrimony between two strategic allies and trading partners could have repercussions far beyond the settling of accounts over some of the bloodiest episodes of the past century.

Turkey was already frustrated by French opposition to its stalled European Union bid, and hopes for Western-backed rapprochement between Turkey and Armenia seem ever more distant ahead of 2015, the 100th anniversary of the Armenian killings.

The bill strikes at the heart of national honor in Turkey, which maintains there was no systematic campaign to kill Armenians and that many Turks also died during the chaotic disintegration of the Ottoman Empire.

The French bill still needs Senate approval, but after it passed the lower house, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan halted bilateral political and economic contacts, suspended military cooperation and ordered his country's ambassador home for consultations.

Turkey and France worked closely together during NATO's operation against Libyan dictator Moammar Gadhafi, and had been coordinating policy on Syria and Afghanistan.

"What the French did in Algeria was genocide," Erdogan said Friday in a heavily personal speech, laced with criticism of French President Nicolas Sarkozy.

He alleged that beginning in 1945, about 15 percent of the population of Algeria was massacred by the French. He also said Algerians were burned in ovens.

"They were mercilessly martyred," he said.

Erdogan appeared to be referring to allegations that the French burned the dead in ovens after a 1945 uprising that began in the Algerian town of Setif. Algerians say some 45,000 people may have died. French figures say up to 20,000.

The French bill's passage "is a clear example of how racism, discrimination and anti-Muslim sentiment have reached new heights in France and in Europe," Erdogan said. "French President Sarkozy's ambition is to win an election based on promoting animosity against Turks and Muslims."

France holds presidential elections in April.

Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said the French vote was comparable with attempts by Mideast rulers to stifle free speech.

"Europe has philosophically and ideologically reverted to the Middle Ages," Davutoglu said at a conference of Turkish ambassadors in Ankara, the capital.

France formally recognized the Armenian killings as genocide in 2001, but had previously provided no penalty for anyone refuting that. The bill sets a punishment of up to one year in prison and a fine of euro45,000 ($59,000) for those who deny or "outrageously minimize" the killings, putting such action on par with denial of the Holocaust.

France is committed to human rights and respect for "historical memory," Sarkozy said in Prague, where he was attending the funeral of Vaclav Havel, the dissident who became president of the Czech Republic.

"France doesn't give lessons to anyone, but France also doesn't plan on taking them," Sarkozy said in a clip shown on France's LCI television. "I respect the convictions of our Turkish friends ? it's a grand country, a grand civilization ? and they must respect ours. To cede on one's convictions is always cowardice, and one always ends up by paying for cowardice."

Most historians contend the Ottoman killings of up to 1.5 million Armenians constituted the first genocide of the 20th century. But the issue is dicey for any government that wants a strong alliance with Turkey, a rising power. In Washington, President Barack Obama has stopped short of calling the killings genocide.

The Armenian National Committee of America said the French vote "reinforces the growing international consensus ? and the mounting pressure on Turkey ? for a truthful and just resolution of the Armenian Genocide."

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/asia/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111223/ap_on_re_eu/eu_turkey_france_genocide

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Netflix CEO Reed Hastings takes $1.5 million pay cut (Reuters)

NEW YORK (TheWrap.com) ? Netflix CEO Reed Hastings is getting the corporate equivalent of coal in his Christmas stocking -- a pay cut.

According to the company's filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Thursday, Hastings' salary is taking a $1.5 million hit in 2012.

While his base annual salary of $500,000 remains the same, his stock option compensation drops from $3 million this year to $1.5 million next year.

Based on those two figures, Hastings will make less in 2012 than Chief Content Officer Ted Sarandos and Chief Product Officer Neil Hunt. In 2011, Hastings led the executive pack.

Why the pay cut? One has to assume it is related to the company's turbulent year.

Netflix announced a controversial new pricing plan in July that enraged customers.

Hastings then admitted the company erred in a blog post while announcing a new DVD-by-mail service, Qwikster. How was it different from the original Netflix service? It wasn't really, just a new name.

Netflix then canceled Qwikster and brought all its services back under one roof.

Throw in a few lost deals with the likes of Starz, and it's been a rough few months for the company.

Still, aside from the contracts all of these mishaps came down to one issue. Netflix wanted to shift as many customers to streaming, which costs the company less than shipping physical DVDs. Those that still want the DVDs would have to pay more so Netflix doesn't lose money on the service.

Most analysts seemed to understand the basic need, but it was the company's way of going about the change that was calamitous, as were its attempts at damage control.

But Sarandos told TheWrap earlier this month that the company will bounce back in 2012, and who is to say it won't?

For now, Hastings will have to settle for a couple million in change. Happy holidays indeed.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/enindustry/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111223/media_nm/us_netflix_reedhastings

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Friday, December 23, 2011

Column: Buckeyes just have all the luck (AP)

What are the chances Ohio State athletic director Gene Smith was laughing out loud when he composed his response to the additional sanctions heaped on his school by the NCAA?

"We are surprised and disappointed by the NCAA's decision," his statement read. "However, we have decided not to appeal the decision because we need to move forward as an institution."

Based on the kid-gloves treatment afforded the Buckeyes, that shouldn't be a problem. Ohio State had already offered to vacate the 2010 season, return bowl money, go on two years of NCAA probation and use five fewer football scholarships over the next three years. On Tuesday, the NCAA tacked on a year of probation, took away four additional scholarships and imposed a one-year bowl ban. Even combined, those penalties are roughly half as severe as those the NCAA dropped on Southern California in June 2010.

A comparison of the cases is instructive. At USC, Heisman trophy-winning running back Reggie Bush and basketball star O.J. Mayo were found to have pocketed thousands of dollars in improper benefits from agents. The bigger sin, though, appears to have been the Trojans' decision to be less than cooperative when NCAA investigators began snooping around the program and downright defiant when the enforcement people issued veiled threats. As a result, the NCAA leveled the dreaded "lack of institutional control" against USC, banned the Trojans from postseason play for two years and docked them 30 scholarships for the next three.

In Ohio State's case, five players swapped jerseys, rings and assorted memorabilia for thousands in cash and tattoos, former coach Jim Tressel learned of the exchanges in April 2010, and not only kept the news to himself, but lied about it to his superiors or the NCAA on four separate occasions. There is no better example of lack of institutional control than what Ohio State's clueless president, Gordon Gee, said in the middle of the unfolding scandal, when he and Smith tried to staunch the damage last March by suspending Tressel for two meaningless games and fining him $250,000: "I'm just hopeful the coach doesn't dismiss me."

But it got better. Barely 10 days later, Tressel's suspension was extended to five games and by the end of May, he was forced out. In July, Ohio State half-heartedly punished itself and in August appeared before the NCAA's Committee on Infractions. Then we learned that months after the original scandal made headlines, nine players got paid by a longtime booster for showing up at charity events and cozy summer jobs. By November, the NCAA upgraded the notice of allegations to include "failure to monitor" and Ohio State offered to cut five scholarships.

But it got even better. For reasons that have yet to be explained, the NCAA's enforcement staff stopped short of lack of institutional control charges, meaning the infractions committee can't whack Ohio State the way it did Southern Cal. In the end, the school's athletic department gave Tressel a hefty severance deal and nearly all of the blame and that was good enough for the NCAA. It slapped the once-beloved coach with a five-year "show-cause" order that likely means he'll never coach in college again. Tressel has been reduced to a job as a game-day consultant with the NFL's Indianapolis Colts.

And if the Buckeyes escaping the punishment they deserve because of a technicality sounds familiar, it should. The five players originally suspended last December after the tattoo-parlor portion of the story broke were allowed to play in the Sugar Bowl thanks to an NCAA ruling so favorable that it should have made everyone involved blush redder than one of Tressel's sweater vests. Together, Ohio State and the NCAA dusted off an obscure interpretation of the rules that allowed postponement of a suspension ? in the case of the so-called "Tat 5" it was supposed to be five games ? to preserve a "unique opportunity." Then, conveniently, they decided the Sugar Bowl presented just such an opportunity.

Maybe some schools just have all the luck. Or maybe by cooperating, even as incompetent as Ohio State has been from the beginning of the investigation to the bitter end, the Buckeyes bought themselves enough good will to avoid the scorched-earth treatment USC got. Whichever it is, based on the lack of guts the NCAA showed in this case, it might be the one outfit in America that would finish behind Congress in a popularity poll ? especially if the survey was conducted in the Los Angeles area.

In the coming months, North Carolina and Miami will face the infractions committee for scandals that are every bit as juicy. When committee member Greg Sankey was asked whether the additional penalties the NCAA levied against Ohio State meant things would be tougher for future violators, he replied, "I would not suggest this is necessarily a new day, but these penalties are significant."

Right. And North Carolina and Miami would sign on the dotted line for the same deal in a heartbeat. Ohio State, after all, is hoping to start recovering from its disappointment with a trip to the Gator Bowl, despite a 6-6 record.

"I'm disappointed on the one hand," Gee said when reporters caught up with him at halftime of a basketball game Tuesday night. "But on the other hand I'm very relieved because I feel closure. I think we can now move forward.

"I have been one of the most outspoken advocates for reform in the NCAA," he added a moment later. "My hope is that what the NCAA is signaling is a higher bar and a higher standard."

Easy for Gee to say ? right after he and his school slithered underneath it.

___

Jim Litke is a national sports columnist for The Associated Press. Write to him at jlitke(at)ap.org. Follow him at Twitter.com/JimLitke

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/sports/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111221/ap_on_sp_co_ne/fbc_jim_litke122111

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Japan Says Decommissioning Damaged Reactors Could Take 40 Years

[unable to retrieve full-text content]The government had previously predicted it would take 30 years to clean up after the accident at Fukushima, the world?s worst nuclear disaster since Chernobyl in 1986.

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Thursday, December 22, 2011

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Monday, December 19, 2011

Pats end Broncos' 6-game streak

New England's 41-23 win halts Denver's win streak at six games

updated 7:28 p.m. ET Dec. 18, 2011

DENVER - Not this time, Tim Tebow.

Tom Brady and the New England Patriots shut down Tebow's late-game heroics and clinched a playoff berth with a 41-23 victory over the Denver Broncos on Sunday.

The Patriots (11-3) won their sixth straight game and another AFC East title by bouncing back from an early 17-6 deficit and an awful first quarter in which they were outgained on the ground 167 yards to 4.

This time, there was no last-minute magic from Tebow, who had guided the Broncos (8-6) to four straight fourth-quarter comebacks and six straight wins.

Instead of another slow start followed by a fantastic finish, the Broncos started out fast and then fizzled. They scored on their first three possessions and then were done in by a trio of second-quarter turnovers.

Champ Bailey had said the Broncos needed a big game against a big QB to prove to themselves and others that they were not just a curiosity but a contender.

They didn't get it on this day.

Denver has faced four quarterbacks currently ranked in the top-10 in yards passing ? Aaron Rodgers, Matthew Stafford, Philip Rivers (twice) and Brady. They're 1-4 in those games.

Brady, who was 23 of 34 for 320 yards with two TD passes and a touchdown run, made up for another bad day by the Patriots' defense to beat the Broncos for the second time in eight career starts ? the only team with a winning record against the three-time Super Bowl champion.

With its first loss since Oct. 30, the AFC West-leading Broncos face a tougher path to the playoffs, with a trip to Buffalo next week followed by a season finale against Kansas City, which ended Green Bay's 19-game winning streak Sunday behind Kyle Orton, the player Tebow replaced in Denver.

Tebow fell to 7-2 as Denver's starter.

The Broncos' 167 yards rushing in the first quarter ? 11 more than their league-leading per-game average ? represented the biggest output in any quarter of the Bill Belichick era in New England. They finished with 252.

Tebow slipped a tackle in the backfield by Rob Ninkovich and darted his way for a 9-yard TD on the game's opening drive. Lonnie Paxton's bad snap prevented Matt Prater from kicking the extra point.

Brady needed five snaps to put the Patriots ahead 7-6 with a 33-yard touchdown toss to Chad Ochocinco, his first score since Nov. 21, 2010, for Cincinnati at Buffalo.

The Broncos responded by going 80 yards in four plays and scoring again. Willis McGahee reeled off a 29-yard run and then retreated to the sideline with what appeared to be a left hamstring injury. Tebow hit Demaryius Thomas for 22 yards before tailback Lance Ball took it in from 32 yards out for his first TD run of his career to make it 13-7.

Denver's next drive stalled at the 8, and coach John Fox decided not to go for it and Prater's field goal made it 16-7.

That's when the Patriots went to the no-huddle and Brady capped an impressive drive with a 1-yard touchdown throw to Aaron Hernandez, who set career highs with nine catches for 129 yards. That made it 16-14.

The Broncos' ball-control offense stumbled after that.

Ball fumbled at his own 19 and Ninkovich recovered, leading to Stephen Gostkowski's 21-yard field goal put the Patriots up for good at 17-16.

Then, defensive end Mark Anderson, subbing for Andre Carter, who injured his left knee earlier in the game, forced and recovered a fumble by Tebow at the Broncos 40. Six plays later, Brady took it in himself from a yard out to make it 24-16.

Brady audibled at the line and just inched the nose of the football across the goal line with 1:08 left in the first half, then celebrated his eighth career TD with a masterful spike.

After some questionable play calling by Broncos offensive coordinator Mike McCoy, the Broncos punted the ball back to the Patriots with 40 seconds left. They held, but Broncos punt returner Quan Cosby tried to field a punt on the run and muffed it with three seconds left. Dane Fletcher recovered for New England and Gostkowski trotted out for a 34-yard field goal to make it 27-16 at halftime.

After Danny Woodhead's 10-yard TD run made it 34-16, Tebow's 2-yard keeper with 8:41 left pulled the Broncos to 34-23, but Brady responded in a big way, leading the Patriots on another 80-yard scoring drive, this one culminating in BenJarvus Green-Ellis' 1-yard TD run.

Tebow was 11 of 22 for 194 yards and added 93 more on 12 carries. Late in the fourth quarter, he was dropped for a 28-yard sack by Ninkovich, a bad ending to a big week for the second-year pro from Florida.

During the week, Tebow cemented his role as a cultural phenomenon as he was the subject of a skit on "Saturday Night Live," his name was brought up in the GOP debate in Sioux City, Iowa, and two high school students were suspended for organizing several "Tebowing" kneel-downs in tribute to the Broncos QB.

? 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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The Green Bay Packers' perfect season came to a crashing halt on Sunday against the beleaguered Kansas City Chiefs, who rallied behind interim coach Romeo Crennel and new quarterback Kyle Orton to a shocking 19-14 victory.

Source: http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/45718058/ns/sports-nfl/

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Sunday, December 18, 2011

Zynga goes public - investors eye CEO, growth potential with doubts

Zynga was the talk of the New York Stock Exchange when they rank the?opening?bell but after taking an immediate 5 percent hit, investors are?reassessing?Zynga as being overhyped.

Online games developer Zynga Inc scored badly as it went public on Friday, dashing hopes for the year's hottest tech IPO, as investors frowned on its over-reliance on Facebook, dimming growth prospects, and outsized control by CEO Mark Pincus.

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Zynga's stock fell 5 percent below its $10 initial public offering price to close at $9.50 on Nasdaq on Friday, dealing losses to IPO buyers used to racking up gains on a stock's first day of trading.

Investors had eagerly awaited the IPO as a way to get a slice of Facebook's growth before the leading social networking website goes public, possibly in 2012. Zynga makes money on Facebook by selling virtual items such as jewelry and poker chips in its games such as "FarmVille" and "CityVille."

At least one analyst said on Friday that some investors may have been turned off by Chief Executive Mark Pincus' large voting stake and control over the company. He has a special class of shares that grants him 37 percent voting power even though his equity stake is much lower, and public shareholders will have less than 2 percent of votes.

"We believe that having a CEO/owner-controlled board is particularly dangerous for investors in young companies," said Cowen and Co analyst Doug Creutz.

Creutz, who has a neutral rating on the stock, added that history is full of examples of CEOs who have built young companies but cannot manage them when they mature.

Asked about his voting shares, Pincus told Reuters he decided to retain such huge control over Zynga because he believed from the start that he was the best person to lead the company.

"Investors who want to see the company deliver long-term value are going to be better served by the fact that I can continue to ensure the company keeps its focus on the long term and we don't let short-term swings and opportunities reduce that," he said in an interview.

Based on Friday's closing share price, the value of Pincus' holdings fell to $1.05 billion from $1.1 billion at the IPO price.

Friday's flop stunned investors who had expected a strong showing because the company is profitable, unlike other recent high profile Internet IPOs such as Groupon and Pandora .

"I was stunned when I saw this. This is a disaster for them. The way you're supposed to price deals is to give investors a 15 percent IPO discount to compensate them for the risk of backing a relatively new company," said Dan Niles, chief investment officer of AlphaOne Capital Partners, who did not buy shares.

"It makes me wonder about the underlying health of the market. IPOs like this can change the whole tenor of the market," he added.

Investors said Zynga's stock performance could hurt other private companies in the pipeline such as Yelp and even Facebook. Some investors regard Zynga's IPO as a proxy for Facebook, because 95 percent of its $828 million in revenue in the past nine months comes from Mark Zuckerberg's social network.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/OjWPPOYhXzU/Zynga-goes-public-investors-eye-CEO-growth-potential-with-doubts

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Saturday, December 17, 2011

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Time names "The Protester" 2011 Person of the Year (Reuters)

NEW YORK (Reuters) ? From the Arab Spring to the Occupy Wall Street movement, "The Protester" was named Time magazine's 2011 Person of the Year on Wednesday.

Time defines the Person of the Year as someone who, for better or for worse, influences the events of the year.

"Is there a global tipping point for frustration? Everywhere, it seems, people said they'd had enough," Time Editor Rick Stengel said in a statement.

"They dissented; they demanded; they did not despair, even when the answers came back in a cloud of tear gas or a hail of bullets. They literally embodied the idea that individual action can bring collective, colossal change," he said.

On almost every continent, 2011 has seen an almost unprecedented rise in both peaceful and sometimes violent unrest and dissent.

Protesters in a lengthening list of countries including Israel, India, Chile, China, Britain, Spain and now the United States all increasingly link their actions explicitly to the popular revolutions that have shaken up the Middle East.

Admiral William McRaven, head of U.S. Special Operations Command and overall commander of the secret U.S. mission into Pakistan in May that killed al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, came in at second place on the Time list.

Chinese dissident artist Ai Weiwei, whose 81 day secret detention by authorities earlier this year sparked an international outcry, came in at No. 3, followed by U.S. House of Representatives Budget Committee Chairman Paul Ryan.

Britain's Duchess of Cambridge, Kate Middleton, who married Prince William in April, rounded out the Time short list.

(Reporting by Michelle Nichols; Editing by Doina Chiacu)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/celebrity/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111215/people_nm/us_time_person

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Friday, December 16, 2011

The individual mandate: Health-care's inherent controversy (The Week)

New York ? President Obama's health-care bill requires that every American have health insurance. Is that constitutional?

Who first proposed making health insurance compulsory?
The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank. In the late 1980s, when Democrats were pushing to require employers to provide health insurance, the foundation started thinking about ways to achieve universal coverage without placing a heavy burden on business. Its experts soon encountered the "free rider" problem: In a system where insurers are barred from refusing applicants with pre-existing conditions, many people ? especially the young and healthy ? would only buy a policy when illness struck. But if only sick people bought coverage, insurers would pay out more in doctors' bills than they received in premiums, and quickly go bust. To overcome this death spiral, the Heritage Foundation suggested that every American be required to buy health insurance, a requirement known as the individual mandate.

Which politicians took up that idea?
Many Republicans did in the early 1990s, after President Clinton introduced a plan that would have forced companies to cover employees. "I am for people, individuals ? exactly like automobile insurance ? having health insurance and being required to have health insurance," said Newt Gingrich, then House minority whip, in 1993. When the Clinton plan collapsed in 1994, talk of the individual mandate died with it. But a decade later, Mitt Romney, then the governor of Massachusetts, resurrected the concept for his state health-care plan, which requires residents to buy health insurance or pay up to $1,212 in annual penalties. "It's a Republican way of reforming the market," Romney said when the law debuted, in 2006. "[To have] people show up [at a hospital] when they get sick, and expect someone else to pay, that's a Democratic approach."

SEE MORE: The Supreme Court and 'ObamaCare': A concise guide

?

So why did Obama adopt a Republican proposal?
At first, he didn't want to. During his 2008 campaign for the Democratic nomination, Obama ran a TV ad criticizing rival candidate Hillary Clinton's support for a mandate, saying she would force everyone "to buy insurance, even if you can't afford it." But after President Obama and the Democratic Congress began to construct his health-care plan, advisers warned that free riders would undermine the objectives of extending insurance coverage to anyone who wanted it. For health reform to work, young, healthy people had to be pushed into the pool, to spread cost and risk. So the president allowed his 2010 Affordable Care Act to incorporate a provision that, by 2014, all Americans must have health coverage or face a tax penalty. Conservatives decried that directive as a gross infringement of individual liberty, and their anger helped fuel the rise of the Tea Party. Twenty-six states and the National Federation of Independent Business are now challenging the mandate's constitutionality at the Supreme Court, which will make a final judgment by June.

How has Obama responded?
His administration argues that the mandate is authorized by the Constitution's commerce clause, which allows the federal government to regulate interstate economic activity. Several conservative judges agree. In a November appeals court decision that upheld the mandate, Judge Laurence Silberman, a Reagan appointee, declared that Congress must "be free to forge national solutions to national problems." And this summer, Judge Jeffrey Sutton ? a George W. Bush appointee to the 6th Circuit Court of Appeals ? concluded that the individual mandate is a legally sound way to prevent taxpayers and hospitals from having to pick up the cost of treating the uninsured. "Not every intrusive law is an unconstitutionally intrusive law," he wrote.

SEE MORE: A conservative judge's 'compelling' defense of 'ObamaCare'

?

Haven't other judges disagreed?
Yes. In August, the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals declared that it could find no precedent for ordering Americans to buy health insurance. "Even in the face of a Great Depression, a World War, a Cold War, recessions, oil shocks, inflation, and unemployment," the majority wrote, "Congress never sought to require the purchase of wheat or war bonds, force a higher savings rate or greater consumption of American goods." Other federal judges and critics of "Obamacare" warn that the mandate sets a dangerous precedent that the government could use to make citizens purchase whatever it deems good for them ? or for the economy. "Congress could require every American to buy a new Chevy Impala every year," said a 2009 Heritage Foundation report.

What happens if the individual mandate is voided?
It depends. If the Supreme Court decides that the Affordable Care Act can't function without the individual mandate, it could strike down the entire law. But it might declare the mandate "severable," and remove that particular part of the law, while letting the rest of it limp along, with far fewer uninsured people covered and less ability to rein in costs. Some experts have proposed that instead of the uninsured being required to buy insurance, they could be "nudged" into the health-care system by giving them a window of time during which they could buy insurance relatively inexpensively; once that window closed, the cost would rise sharply. The problem with any alternative to the individual mandate, said Paul Ginsburg, president of the Center for Studying Health System Change, is that it would have to be approved by the bitterly divided Congress. "You can't expect that in these times," he said. "People don't work on these compromises too readily anymore."

SEE MORE: The 'ObamaCare' case: Should Elena Kagan and Clarence Thomas sit out?

?

How the Supreme Court could punt
Next year's Supreme Court hearing has been billed as judgment day for Obama's Affordable Care Act. But it might end with no judgment at all. Before the justices rule on the individual mandate's constitutionality, they will first have to decide whether the 1867 Anti-Injunction Act bars the claimants' challenge. That law prevents citizens from challenging the legality of a tax before it goes into effect. If the court finds that the penalty for defying the Affordable Care Act's mandate is a tax, they could push a legal challenge back to 2015, when the first fines will be levied. And that, said Simon Lazarus, an expert at the National Senior Citizens Law Center, might "be a good solution for a court that doesn't really care to be Public Issue No. 1 in an election year."

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